为什么要加快发展工业互联网
Accelerating Development of the Industrial Internet
秋平
Qiu Ping
深入实施工业互联网创新发展战略、加快发展工业互联网，是中共中央准确把握新一轮科技革命和产业变革发展大势，立足中国发展阶段、发展环境、发展条件变化，着眼于经济高质量发展作出的重大决策。
The CPC Central Committee’s decisions to implement in-depth Industrial Internet (II) innovation and development strategy and accelerate development of II reflect its keen understanding of advances in the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, while being based on the stage, environment, and conditions of development in China and with a continued focus on achieving high-quality economic development.
20世纪90年代，互联网等信息技术在消费环节规模商用，开启了消费互联网时代。随着移动互联网持续普及，移动支付、网络出行、生鲜电商、在线医疗等新业态迅速兴起，为壮大数字经济注入了强劲动力。
During the 1990s, the internet and other information technologies underwent large-scale commercialization, ushering in the new Consumer Internet (CI) era. With the continued popularization of mobile internet, new business functions, such as mobile payments as well as online travel booking, grocery shopping, and medical care, have proliferated, leading to a thriving digital economy.
但也要看到，近年来，中国网民规模、移动电话用户总数已双双突破10亿大关，消费互联网进入平稳发展期，发展数字经济亟待拓展新的增长空间。
In recent years, the numbers of internet users and cell phone users in China have both exceeded 1 billion, but CI development has plateaued. Developing the digital economy further will require expansion into new growth areas.
工业互联网有力促进各类要素资源的网络化泛在连接、服务化弹性供给、平台化高效分配，推动制造业生产方式、业务模式、企业形态等发生深刻变革，正在加快形成经济增长新动能。
II has resulted in network connections between factors and resources, greater elasticity in supplies of services, and the efficient distribution of platforms, leading to profound changes in the modes of production, business models, and forms of enterprises in the manufacturing sector. This has accelerated the development of new drivers of economic growth.
生产领域行业门类广、价值链条长、创新环节多，为新一代信息通信技术应用提供了广阔空间，同时面临行业间差异大、标准化程度低、规模效应不足等挑战，这也要求发展工业互联网不能照搬照抄消费互联网的模式经验，需在实践中不断深化规律性认识，探索有效路径。
The wide range of industries, long value chains, and multiple innovation stages involved in production activities provide ample scope for applications of new-generation information and communication technologies (ICTs). Nevertheless, challenges such as significant differences between industries, a low degree of standardization, and insufficient scale effects, mean that II cannot simply copy the development path of CI but requires a deeper understanding of its underlying laws in order to forge its own path.
中国消费互联网从起步建设到逐渐成熟再到广泛普及经历了约30年的历程，发展工业互联网的周期或将更加漫长，必须保持战略定力，持续发力、久久为功。
The period from inception to gradual maturity and then widespread CI adoption in China took approximately 30 years. The II development cycle may be even longer, and it will require strategic determination and sustained efforts.
放眼全球，数字化正成为重组要素资源、重塑经济结构、重构竞争格局的关键力量。运用工业互联网等新兴技术推动制造业数字化转型、培育产业竞争新优势已成为全球主要国家的共识。
Digitalization is becoming a key force in reorganizing production factors and resources, reshaping economic structures, and restructuring the competitive landscape around the world. Most major countries are using emerging technologies such as II to promote the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry and cultivate industrial competitive advantages.
尽管各国发布的战略和政策提法各异，但实质都是深化新一代信息通信技术融合应用，激发数据资源活力，促进制造业转型升级，提升产业发展的全球竞争力。
Although the strategies and policies employed vary by country, their essential objectives are to achieve integrated applications of new-generation ICTs, encourage data resource utilization, boost the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and make industries more competitive on the global stage.
美国持续推进先进制造国家战略，聚焦“再工业化”，充分发挥信息技术和产业优势，推动制造业数字化转型，筑牢领先地位。
The US, for example, is continuing to implement its national strategy of reindustrialization, with its focus on promoting advanced manufacturing. This strategy seeks to maximize the use of IT and industry advantages to promote the digital transformation of the manufacturing industry and solidify the leading position of the United States.
德国大力发展“工业4.0”，以智能工厂、智能产线为基础，实现人、设备与产品的实时连通、相互识别和有效交流，着力构建高度灵活、个性化的智能制造模式。
Germany has developed its “Industry 4.0” policy, which aims to achieve real-time connectivity, mutual identification, and effective communication among people, equipment, and products as well as to build a highly flexible and personalized smart manufacturing model based on the construction of smart factories and smart production lines.
欧盟实施“工业5.0”，通过数字化转型打造以人为本、可持续发展和富有韧性的欧洲工业。
The EU formulated the “Industry 5.0” policy to create human-centric, sustainable, and resilient industries in Europe through digital transformation.
日本布局“互联工业”，强化物联网、人工智能等新技术运用，提升重点产业和关键环节互联互通水平。
Japan, meanwhile, devised its strategy of “connected industries,” which aims to increase the use of new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and AI to improve the connectivity of key industries and key links.
中国既是制造大国也是网络大国，发展工业互联网具有广阔前景。
China is a major global player in both manufacturing and the internet, offering great potential for the growth of domestic II.
中国工业形成了全、多、大的独特优势，拥有41个工业大类、207个工业中类、666个工业小类，是全世界唯一拥有联合国产业分类中全部工业门类的国家，制造业增加值规模连续14年居全球首位，为发展工业互联网提供了丰富的行业应用场景。
China boasts 41 major industrial categories, 207 intermediate industrial categories, and 666 small industrial categories, making it the only country in the world to possess all the industrial categories in the United Nations’ International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities. China's manufacturing value added has been the highest of any country in the world for 14 consecutive years, providing a wealth of application scenarios for II development.
中国在新一代信息通信技术部分关键领域形成先发优势，建成了全球领先的信息通信网络。
China has first-mover advantages in key areas of new-generation ICTs and has built world-leading information and communication networks.
截至2024年9月，中国累计建成5G基站总数达408.9万个，占全球5G基站总数的60%以上，实现县县通千兆、乡乡通5G、村村通宽带，算力总规模居全球第二，拥有全球领先的信息通信技术企业，为工业互联网发展提供了有力的技术服务支撑和基础设施保障。
As of September 2024, China had some 4.09 million 5G base stations, more than 60% of the global total, and has achieved its goals of ensuring every county has gigabit optical fiber services, every township has 5G coverage, and every village has broadband connectivity. China ranks second in the world for computing power and is home to the world's leading ICT enterprises, providing the strong technical services and infrastructure required for II development.
中文编辑：郝遥 尚烨
英文编辑：李晓琼
审校：张娴 衣小伟
监制：李达 李振通
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